PATCHED SUR GITHUB PATCH
You produce this patch format with git format-patch, and apply it with git am. This carries all the information needed to reapply the changes from one commit as a new commit elsewhere, and is useful for transmitting a commit when it is not possible or convenient to do so with the usual Git push/pull mechanism. There is another patch format, specific to Git, that contains not only patches for some number of files, but also commit metadata: the author, timestamp, and message.
PATCHED SUR GITHUB PLUS
The lines beginning with minus and plus signs have the meanings just mentioned: this patch replaces a single line, fixing a common C bug whereby the program would crash if this function were passed a null pointer as its string argument.Ī single patch file can contain the differences for any number of files, and git diff produces diffs for all altered files in the repository in a single patch (unlike the usual Unix diff command, which requires extra options to recursively process whole directory trees). The subsequent lines beginning with a space are context: they appear as shown in both versions of the file. The line beginning with indicates by line number and length the positions of this hunk in the A and B versions here, the hunk starts at line 1 and extends for 5 lines in both versions. This is a difference section, or “hunk,” of which there is just one in this diff. If the patch were of this file being added or deleted in its entirety, one of these would be /dev/null to signal -1,5 +1,5
This is the traditional “unified diff” header, again showing the files being compared and the direction of the changes, which will be shown later: minus signs will show lines in the A version but missing from the B version and plus signs, lines missing in A but present in B. The patch still makes sense to other tools besides Git they will just ignore this line and not be able to use the extra information: - a/foo.c If those blobs are in the object database, then Git can use them to perform a three-way merge with those two versions and the working copy, to help you resolve the conflicts. The blob IDs are helpful if this patch is later applied by Git to the same project and there are conflicts while applying it. Other header lines might indicate the old and new modes if that had changed, old and new filenames if the file were being renamed, etc.
here between the blob IDs is just as a separator and has nothing to do with its use in naming either sets of revs or for git diff). This line gives information from the Git index regarding this file: 30cfd169 and 8de130c2 are the blob IDs of the A and B versions of the file contents being compared, and 100644 are the “mode bits,” indicating that this is a regular file: not executable and not a symbolic link (the use of. This is an extended header line, one of several possible forms, though there is only one in this patch. There are in fact no directories named a and b in the repository they are just convention: index 30cfd169.8de130c2 100644 To generate this patch, I changed the file foo.c and ran git diff, which shows the unstaged changes between the working tree and the index. a/foo.c and b/foo.c are the files being compared, with added leading directory names a and b to distinguish them in case they are the same (as they are here this patch shows the changes from one version to another of the same file). This is the Git diff header diff -git isn’t a literal command, but rather just suggests the notion of a Git-specific diff in Unix command style. + return (string != NULL) & !strcmp(string, "ok") īreaking this into sections: diff -git a/foo.c b/foo.c
Here’s a simple patch, generated by git diff: These days, the Unix diff program can produce patches of various kinds. A patch is an extension of a diff, augmented with further information such as context lines and filenames, which allow it to be applied more widely. A diff only need show the differences between two files, and can be quite minimal in doing so. The terms “patch” and “diff” are often used interchangeably, although there is a distinction, at least historically. The patch format uses context as well as line numbers to locate differing file regions, so that a patch can often be applied to a somewhat earlier or later version of the first file than the one from which it was derived, as long as the applying program can still locate the context of the change.
PATCHED SUR GITHUB HOW TO
It describes how to turn one file into another, and is asymmetric: the patch from file1 to file2 is not the same as the patch for the other direction (it would say to delete and add opposite lines, as we will see). A “patch” is a compact representation of the differences between two files, intended for use with line-oriented text files.
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